[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"playground-fetch-retry-exponential-backoff":3,"verticals":19,"search-suggestions":58},{"slug":4,"title":5,"summary":6,"html":7,"css":8,"js":9,"config":10,"doc":13},"fetch-retry-exponential-backoff","Exponential backoff — interactive playground",null,"\u003Cdiv class=\"pg\">\n    \u003Ch1 class=\"pg-title\">🎮 Exponential backoff vs. retrying immediately\u003C\u002Fh1>\n    \u003Cp class=\"pg-sub\">\n      Same overloaded server, same number of clients, two retry strategies. Watch what\n      each one does to the \u003Cstrong>load the server sees over time\u003C\u002Fstrong> — not just\n      whether requests eventually succeed.\n    \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"panel\">\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"panel-label\">\u003Cspan class=\"n\">1\u003C\u002Fspan> Set up the storm\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"btn-row\" style=\"margin-bottom:12px\">\n        \u003Cspan class=\"hint\" style=\"margin:0 8px 0 0\">Retry strategy:\u003C\u002Fspan>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"seg\" id=\"strategySeg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Retry strategy\">\n          \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" data-strategy=\"immediate\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Retry immediately\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n          \u003Cbutton type=\"button\" data-strategy=\"backoff\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Exponential backoff + jitter\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n        \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"field\" style=\"margin-bottom:10px\">\n        \u003Clabel class=\"ctl-label\" for=\"clients\">Clients retrying at once: \u003Cstrong id=\"clientsVal\">20\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Flabel>\n        \u003Cinput type=\"range\" id=\"clients\" min=\"5\" max=\"50\" step=\"1\" value=\"20\" \u002F>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"btn-row\">\n        \u003Cbutton class=\"btn primary\" id=\"run\">▶ Run simulation\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n        \u003Cbutton class=\"btn ghost\" id=\"reset\">Reset\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"presets\" style=\"margin-top:14px\">\n        \u003Cbutton class=\"btn sm\" data-preset=\"blip\">Small blip (10 clients)\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n        \u003Cbutton class=\"btn sm\" data-preset=\"outage\">Real outage (40 clients)\u003C\u002Fbutton>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cp class=\"hint\">\n        The server can only handle \u003Cstrong>5 requests per tick\u003C\u002Fstrong> before it starts\n        returning errors. Every client that fails retries on its own — the only\n        difference below is \u003Cem>when\u003C\u002Fem>.\n      \u003C\u002Fp>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\n    \u003Cdiv class=\"panel\">\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"panel-label\">\u003Cspan class=\"n\">2\u003C\u002Fspan> Load on the server, tick by tick\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"chart\" id=\"chart\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"status\" id=\"status\" style=\"margin-top:12px\">\n        \u003Cspan class=\"dot info\" id=\"dot\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003Cspan id=\"statusText\">Pick a strategy and hit Run.\u003C\u002Fspan>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cp class=\"hint\" id=\"caption\">\n        Each bar is one tick. Green = requests the server served; red = requests it rejected\n        because it was already over capacity that tick.\n      \u003C\u002Fp>\n\n      \u003Cdiv class=\"stats\">\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"stat\">\u003Cdiv class=\"label\">Worst retry pile-up (after tick 0)\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"big-num\" id=\"statPeak\">—\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"stat\">\u003Cdiv class=\"label\">Total attempts sent\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"big-num\" id=\"statTotal\">—\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n        \u003Cdiv class=\"stat\">\u003Cdiv class=\"label\">Ticks until everyone succeeded\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003Cdiv class=\"big-num\" id=\"statTicks\">—\u003C\u002Fdiv>\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n      \u003Cp class=\"hint\" style=\"margin-top:10px\">\n        This is a simplified simulation built to show the shape of the problem, not a\n        real network trace — the point is the \u003Cem>pattern\u003C\u002Fem>, not the exact numbers.\n      \u003C\u002Fp>\n    \u003C\u002Fdiv>\n  \u003C\u002Fdiv>","\u002F*\n * Shared playground design system — daily-post\n * ============================================\n * Link it from any post's playground\u002Findex.html (no per-post boilerplate):\n *\n *   \u003Clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"..\u002F..\u002F..\u002Fplayground\u002Fassets\u002Fbase.css\" \u002F>\n *\n * The relative path resolves the same locally (posts\u002F\u003Cbase>\u002Fplayground\u002F) and on\n * the deployed host (public\u002Fposts\u002F\u003Cbase>\u002Fplayground\u002F), because build-site.js\n * mirrors this file to public\u002Fplayground\u002Fassets\u002Fbase.css. For a CodeSandbox\n * --embed, playground.js inlines this file so the single-file sandbox still styles.\n *\n * Then write ONLY the demo-specific CSS in your inline \u003Cstyle>. Everything below\n * — tokens, layout, panels, buttons, toggles, sliders, code blocks, status\u002Flog,\n * banners, presets — comes for free and looks consistent across every post.\n *\n * Theme-aware: dark by default, light via prefers-color-scheme AND a\n * [data-theme] override on \u003Chtml> (so a toggle can force either). Accessible:\n * real focus rings, adequate contrast, reduced-motion honored.\n *\u002F\n\n\u002F* ---------- design tokens ---------- *\u002F\n:root {\n  --bg: #0d1117;\n  --bg-grid: #ffffff0a;\n  --panel: #161b22;\n  --panel-2: #0b0e14;\n  --card: #0b0e14;\n  --ink: #e8ebf2;\n  --muted: #9aa4b2;\n  --faint: #6b7688;\n  --line: #232a35;\n  --line-soft: #ffffff12;\n  --accent: #7c9cff;\n  --accent-ink: #0b0e14;\n  --good: #3fb950;\n  --warn: #f0883e;\n  --bad: #f85149;\n  --info: #58a6ff;\n  --radius: 14px;\n  --radius-sm: 9px;\n  --shadow: 0 8px 30px #0006;\n  --shadow-sm: 0 4px 14px #0005;\n  --mono: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, \"SF Mono\", Menlo, Consolas, \"Liberation Mono\", monospace;\n  --sans: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, \"Helvetica Neue\", sans-serif;\n  color-scheme: dark;\n}\n\n\u002F* Light theme — system preference, overridable by [data-theme] on \u003Chtml>. *\u002F\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: light) {\n  :root:not([data-theme=\"dark\"]) {\n    --bg: #f4f6fb;\n    --bg-grid: #00000008;\n    --panel: #ffffff;\n    --panel-2: #f0f3f9;\n    --card: #f7f9fc;\n    --ink: #131722;\n    --muted: #5b6472;\n    --faint: #8a93a3;\n    --line: #e2e7f0;\n    --line-soft: #00000010;\n    --accent: #2f6df0;\n    --accent-ink: #ffffff;\n    --good: #1a7f37;\n    --warn: #bc4c00;\n    --bad: #cf222e;\n    --info: #0969da;\n    --shadow: 0 8px 30px #0000001f;\n    --shadow-sm: 0 4px 14px #00000014;\n    color-scheme: light;\n  }\n}\n:root[data-theme=\"light\"] {\n  --bg: #f4f6fb;\n  --bg-grid: #00000008;\n  --panel: #ffffff;\n  --panel-2: #f0f3f9;\n  --card: #f7f9fc;\n  --ink: #131722;\n  --muted: #5b6472;\n  --faint: #8a93a3;\n  --line: #e2e7f0;\n  --line-soft: #00000010;\n  --accent: #2f6df0;\n  --accent-ink: #ffffff;\n  --good: #1a7f37;\n  --warn: #bc4c00;\n  --bad: #cf222e;\n  --info: #0969da;\n  --shadow: 0 8px 30px #0000001f;\n  --shadow-sm: 0 4px 14px #00000014;\n  color-scheme: light;\n}\n\n\u002F* ---------- reset & base ---------- *\u002F\n*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\nbody {\n  margin: 0;\n  min-height: 100vh;\n  font-family: var(--sans);\n  color: var(--ink);\n  background:\n    radial-gradient(circle at 1px 1px, var(--bg-grid) 1px, transparent 0) 0 0 \u002F 24px 24px,\n    var(--bg);\n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: center;\n  align-items: flex-start;\n  padding: clamp(14px, 3vw, 26px);\n  line-height: 1.55;\n  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;\n}\n\n\u002F* The single content column. *\u002F\n.pg {\n  width: 100%;\n  max-width: 860px;\n}\n\n\u002F* ---------- header ---------- *\u002F\n.pg-title {\n  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1rem + 1vw, 1.4rem);\n  font-weight: 800;\n  letter-spacing: -0.02em;\n  margin: 0 0 4px;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 9px;\n}\n.pg-sub {\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-size: 0.92rem;\n  line-height: 1.5;\n  margin: 0 0 16px;\n  max-width: 66ch;\n}\n.pg-sub strong, .pg-sub b { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 700; }\n.pg-sub code { font-family: var(--mono); background: var(--line-soft); color: var(--accent);\n  padding: 1px 6px; border-radius: 6px; font-size: 0.85em; }\n\n\u002F* ---------- panels ---------- *\u002F\n.panel {\n  background: var(--panel);\n  border: 1px solid var(--line);\n  border-radius: var(--radius);\n  padding: 16px 18px;\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\n  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);\n}\n.panel-label {\n  font-size: 0.7rem;\n  text-transform: uppercase;\n  letter-spacing: 0.08em;\n  color: var(--muted);\n  font-weight: 800;\n  margin: 0 0 13px;\n  display: flex;\n  align-items: center;\n  gap: 8px;\n}\n.panel-label .n {\n  display: inline-grid; place-items: center;\n  width: 18px; height: 18px; border-radius: 50%;\n  background: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink);\n  font-size: 0.66rem; font-weight: 800;\n}\n\n\u002F* ---------- layout helpers ---------- *\u002F\n.row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; align-items: center; }\n.row.between { justify-content: space-between; }\n.col { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }\n.grow { flex: 1 1 0; min-width: 0; }\n.wrap-controls { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px 24px; align-items: flex-end; }\n.field { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 7px; min-width: 0; }\n.field > .label, .ctl-label {\n  font-size: 0.7rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.04em;\n  color: var(--muted); font-weight: 800;\n}\n\n\u002F* ---------- buttons ---------- *\u002F\n.btn {\n  font: inherit; font-weight: 650; font-size: 0.88rem;\n  cursor: pointer; user-select: none;\n  border: 1px solid var(--line);\n  background: var(--card); color: var(--ink);\n  padding: 9px 15px; border-radius: var(--radius-sm);\n  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px;\n  transition: background .15s ease, border-color .15s ease, transform .05s ease, color .15s ease;\n}\n.btn:hover { background: var(--line-soft); border-color: var(--muted); }\n.btn:active { transform: translateY(1px); }\n.btn:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; }\n.btn[disabled] { opacity: 0.45; cursor: not-allowed; }\n.btn.primary { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink); }\n.btn.primary:hover { filter: brightness(1.08); background: var(--accent); }\n.btn.good { background: var(--good); border-color: var(--good); color: #04140a; }\n.btn.bad  { background: var(--bad);  border-color: var(--bad);  color: #fff; }\n.btn.ghost { background: transparent; }\n.btn.sm { padding: 6px 11px; font-size: 0.82rem; }\n\n.btn-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 9px; }\n\n\u002F* Segmented control — a row of buttons where one is active (aria-pressed). *\u002F\n.seg { display: inline-flex; background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--line);\n  border-radius: var(--radius-sm); padding: 3px; gap: 3px; }\n.seg button {\n  font: inherit; font-weight: 650; font-size: 0.84rem; cursor: pointer;\n  border: none; background: transparent; color: var(--muted);\n  padding: 7px 13px; border-radius: 7px;\n  transition: background .15s ease, color .15s ease;\n}\n.seg button:hover { color: var(--ink); }\n.seg button[aria-pressed=\"true\"] { background: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink); }\n.seg button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; }\n\n\u002F* Preset chips — worked-example shortcuts. *\u002F\n.presets { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }\n.presets .btn { background: var(--panel-2); }\n\n\u002F* ---------- toggle switch ---------- *\u002F\n.toggle { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; cursor: pointer;\n  font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 600; user-select: none; }\n.toggle input { position: absolute; opacity: 0; width: 0; height: 0; }\n.switch { position: relative; width: 44px; height: 25px; border-radius: 999px; flex: none;\n  background: var(--line); border: 1px solid var(--line); transition: background .18s ease; }\n.switch::after { content: \"\"; position: absolute; top: 2px; left: 2px; width: 19px; height: 19px;\n  border-radius: 50%; background: #cfd6e4; transition: transform .18s ease; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px #0006; }\n.toggle input:checked + .switch { background: var(--good); border-color: var(--good); }\n.toggle input:checked + .switch::after { transform: translateX(19px); background: #fff; }\n.toggle input:focus-visible + .switch { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; }\n\n\u002F* ---------- range slider ---------- *\u002F\ninput[type=\"range\"] {\n  -webkit-appearance: none; appearance: none; width: 100%; height: 6px;\n  background: var(--line); border-radius: 999px; outline: none; cursor: pointer; margin: 8px 0;\n}\ninput[type=\"range\"]::-webkit-slider-thumb {\n  -webkit-appearance: none; appearance: none; width: 19px; height: 19px; border-radius: 50%;\n  background: var(--accent); border: 2px solid var(--panel); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); cursor: pointer;\n}\ninput[type=\"range\"]::-moz-range-thumb {\n  width: 19px; height: 19px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--accent);\n  border: 2px solid var(--panel); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); cursor: pointer;\n}\ninput[type=\"range\"]:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 3px; }\n\n\u002F* ---------- text inputs \u002F selects ---------- *\u002F\ninput[type=\"text\"], input[type=\"number\"], input[type=\"search\"], select, textarea {\n  font: inherit; color: var(--ink); background: var(--card);\n  border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); padding: 8px 11px; width: 100%;\n}\ntextarea { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.6; resize: vertical; }\ninput:focus-visible, select:focus-visible, textarea:focus-visible {\n  outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 1px; border-color: var(--accent);\n}\n\n\u002F* ---------- status \u002F output \u002F log ---------- *\u002F\n.status {\n  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; flex-wrap: wrap;\n  font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600;\n  padding: 11px 14px; border-radius: var(--radius-sm);\n  background: var(--panel-2); border: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--ink);\n}\n.status.good { border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--good) 55%, var(--line)); }\n.status.warn { border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--warn) 55%, var(--line)); }\n.status.bad  { border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bad) 55%, var(--line)); }\n.dot { width: 9px; height: 9px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--muted); flex: none; }\n.dot.good { background: var(--good); } .dot.warn { background: var(--warn); }\n.dot.bad { background: var(--bad); } .dot.info { background: var(--info); }\n\n.output { background: var(--panel-2); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius-sm);\n  padding: 13px 15px; }\n.log { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.7; background: var(--card);\n  border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); padding: 11px 14px;\n  max-height: 220px; overflow-y: auto; white-space: pre-wrap; }\n\n\u002F* ---------- code block + syntax tokens ---------- *\u002F\n.code {\n  font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.82rem; line-height: 1.7;\n  background: var(--panel-2); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius-sm);\n  padding: 13px 15px; overflow-x: auto; white-space: pre; tab-size: 2;\n}\n.code .tok-sel  { color: var(--accent); }\n.code .tok-prop { color: #86e29b; }\n.code .tok-kw   { color: #ff9bcb; }\n.code .tok-str  { color: #f0c674; }\n.code .tok-num  { color: #f0883e; }\n.code .tok-cmt  { color: var(--faint); font-style: italic; }\n.code .hl { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--good) 22%, transparent); border-radius: 4px; padding: 0 3px; }\n\n\u002F* ---------- hint \u002F caption ---------- *\u002F\n.hint { font-size: 0.83rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.55; margin: 10px 0 0; }\n.hint code { font-family: var(--mono); color: var(--ink); background: var(--line-soft);\n  padding: 1px 5px; border-radius: 5px; font-size: 0.86em; }\n.hint strong { color: var(--ink); }\n\n\u002F* ---------- banner (feature-support \u002F notices) ---------- *\u002F\n.banner {\n  display: none; margin-bottom: 14px; padding: 11px 14px; border-radius: 11px;\n  font-size: 0.85rem; line-height: 1.5;\n  color: var(--ink); background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--warn) 12%, var(--panel));\n  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--warn) 45%, var(--line));\n}\n.banner.show { display: block; }\n.banner.info { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--info) 12%, var(--panel));\n  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--info) 45%, var(--line)); }\n.banner code { font-family: var(--mono); background: var(--line-soft); padding: 1px 5px; border-radius: 5px; }\n\n\u002F* ---------- misc atoms ---------- *\u002F\n.pill { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: 700;\n  padding: 3px 9px; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--line-soft); color: var(--muted); }\n.pill.good { color: var(--good); background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--good) 16%, transparent); }\n.pill.bad  { color: var(--bad);  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bad) 16%, transparent); }\n.mono { font-family: var(--mono); }\n.muted { color: var(--muted); }\n.big-num { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 1.6rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.02em; }\n\n\u002F* Optional theme toggle button (top-right). Wire it in JS if you want it. *\u002F\n.theme-btn { position: fixed; top: 12px; right: 12px; z-index: 20; }\n\n\u002F* ---------- responsive ---------- *\u002F\n@media (max-width: 560px) {\n  .panel { padding: 14px; }\n  .wrap-controls { gap: 14px; }\n  .btn { padding: 9px 13px; }\n}\n\n\u002F* ---------- reduced motion ---------- *\u002F\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\n  *, *::before, *::after { transition-duration: 0.01ms !important; animation-duration: 0.01ms !important; }\n}\n\n\n.chart {\n    display: flex;\n    align-items: flex-end;\n    gap: 3px;\n    height: 150px;\n    padding: 10px 10px 0;\n    background: var(--panel-2);\n    border: 1px solid var(--line);\n    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);\n    position: relative;\n    overflow: hidden;\n  }\n  .chart .capline {\n    position: absolute;\n    left: 0; right: 0;\n    border-top: 2px dashed var(--warn);\n  }\n  .chart .capline::after {\n    content: \"server capacity\";\n    position: absolute;\n    right: 8px;\n    top: -18px;\n    font-size: 0.68rem;\n    color: var(--warn);\n    font-family: var(--mono);\n  }\n  .bar {\n    flex: 1 1 0;\n    min-width: 4px;\n    display: flex;\n    flex-direction: column-reverse;\n    border-radius: 2px 2px 0 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    background: transparent;\n  }\n  .bar .ok { background: var(--good); }\n  .bar .fail { background: var(--bad); }\n  .bar .ok, .bar .fail { width: 100%; flex: none; }\n  .stats {\n    display: grid;\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(130px, 1fr));\n    gap: 12px;\n    margin-top: 14px;\n  }\n  .stat { background: var(--card); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius-sm); padding: 10px 12px; }\n  .stat .label { font-size: 0.72rem; color: var(--muted); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.04em; }","\"use strict\";\nconst $ = (id) => document.getElementById(id);\n\nconst CAPACITY = 5;       \u002F\u002F requests the \"server\" can successfully serve per tick\nconst MAX_TICKS = 30;\nconst BASE_DELAY_TICKS = 2;\nconst MAX_DELAY_TICKS = 16;\n\nlet strategy = \"immediate\";\nlet clientCount = 20;\n\nfunction setStrategy(next) {\n  strategy = next;\n  document.querySelectorAll(\"#strategySeg button\").forEach((b) => {\n    b.setAttribute(\"aria-pressed\", String(b.dataset.strategy === next));\n  });\n}\n\n$(\"strategySeg\").addEventListener(\"click\", (e) => {\n  const btn = e.target.closest(\"button[data-strategy]\");\n  if (!btn) return;\n  setStrategy(btn.dataset.strategy);\n});\n\n$(\"clients\").addEventListener(\"input\", (e) => {\n  clientCount = Number(e.target.value);\n  $(\"clientsVal\").textContent = clientCount;\n});\n\ndocument.querySelectorAll(\"[data-preset]\").forEach((b) => {\n  b.addEventListener(\"click\", () => {\n    const n = b.dataset.preset === \"outage\" ? 40 : 10;\n    clientCount = n;\n    $(\"clients\").value = n;\n    $(\"clientsVal\").textContent = n;\n    runSimulation();\n  });\n});\n\n$(\"run\").addEventListener(\"click\", runSimulation);\n$(\"reset\").addEventListener(\"click\", () => {\n  $(\"chart\").innerHTML = \"\";\n  $(\"statPeak\").textContent = \"—\";\n  $(\"statTotal\").textContent = \"—\";\n  $(\"statTicks\").textContent = \"—\";\n  setStatus(\"Pick a strategy and hit Run.\", \"info\");\n});\n\nfunction setStatus(text, kind) {\n  $(\"statusText\").textContent = text;\n  $(\"dot\").className = \"dot \" + kind;\n}\n\nfunction simulate(n, mode) {\n  \u002F\u002F Every client starts at tick 0. We track when each client's NEXT attempt lands.\n  const nextTick = new Array(n).fill(0);\n  const done = new Array(n).fill(false);\n  const attempts = new Array(n).fill(0);\n  const loadPerTick = []; \u002F\u002F { ok, fail }\n  let totalSent = 0;\n  let clearedAt = null;\n\n  for (let t = 0; t \u003C MAX_TICKS; t++) {\n    const arrivals = [];\n    for (let c = 0; c \u003C n; c++) {\n      if (!done[c] && nextTick[c] === t) arrivals.push(c);\n    }\n    totalSent += arrivals.length;\n\n    const ok = arrivals.slice(0, CAPACITY);\n    const fail = arrivals.slice(CAPACITY);\n    loadPerTick.push({ ok: ok.length, fail: fail.length });\n\n    ok.forEach((c) => { done[c] = true; });\n    fail.forEach((c) => {\n      attempts[c]++;\n      let delay;\n      if (mode === \"immediate\") {\n        delay = 1; \u002F\u002F retries on the very next tick — as fast as the loop allows\n      } else {\n        const window = Math.min(MAX_DELAY_TICKS, BASE_DELAY_TICKS * 2 ** attempts[c]);\n        delay = Math.max(1, Math.round(Math.random() * window));\n      }\n      nextTick[c] = t + delay;\n    });\n\n    if (clearedAt === null && done.every(Boolean)) clearedAt = t + 1;\n  }\n\n  const afterFirst = loadPerTick.slice(1).map((l) => l.ok + l.fail);\n  return {\n    loadPerTick,\n    totalSent,\n    clearedAt, \u002F\u002F null means it never fully cleared within MAX_TICKS\n    peak: loadPerTick.length ? loadPerTick[0].fail : 0, \u002F\u002F actual failures at tick 0, not total arrivals\n    peakRetry: afterFirst.length ? Math.max(...afterFirst) : 0,\n  };\n}\n\nfunction renderChart(loadPerTick) {\n  const chart = $(\"chart\");\n  chart.innerHTML = \"\";\n\n  const capLine = document.createElement(\"div\");\n  capLine.className = \"capline\";\n  const maxVal = Math.max(CAPACITY, ...loadPerTick.map((l) => l.ok + l.fail), 1);\n  capLine.style.bottom = (CAPACITY \u002F maxVal) * 100 + \"%\";\n  chart.appendChild(capLine);\n\n  loadPerTick.forEach(({ ok, fail }) => {\n    const bar = document.createElement(\"div\");\n    bar.className = \"bar\";\n    bar.style.height = ((ok + fail) \u002F maxVal) * 100 + \"%\";\n    if (ok) {\n      const seg = document.createElement(\"div\");\n      seg.className = \"ok\";\n      seg.style.flexBasis = (ok \u002F (ok + fail || 1)) * 100 + \"%\";\n      bar.appendChild(seg);\n    }\n    if (fail) {\n      const seg = document.createElement(\"div\");\n      seg.className = \"fail\";\n      seg.style.flexBasis = (fail \u002F (ok + fail || 1)) * 100 + \"%\";\n      bar.appendChild(seg);\n    }\n    chart.appendChild(bar);\n  });\n}\n\nfunction runSimulation() {\n  const result = simulate(clientCount, strategy);\n  renderChart(result.loadPerTick);\n\n  $(\"statPeak\").textContent = result.peakRetry + \" req\";\n  $(\"statTotal\").textContent = result.totalSent;\n  $(\"statTicks\").textContent = result.clearedAt ? result.clearedAt : `>${MAX_TICKS} (stuck)`;\n\n  const overCap = result.peakRetry > CAPACITY;\n  if (strategy === \"immediate\") {\n    setStatus(\n      `Tick 0's ${result.peak} failures all come straight back — ${result.peakRetry} requests hit the server in a single later tick, against a capacity of ${CAPACITY}.`,\n      overCap ? \"bad\" : \"good\"\n    );\n  } else {\n    setStatus(\n      `Tick 0's ${result.peak} failures spread out instead of bouncing back together — the worst later tick only saw ${result.peakRetry} requests.`,\n      overCap ? \"warn\" : \"good\"\n    );\n  }\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F seed an initial view\nrunSimulation();",{"height":11,"autorun":12},520,true,{"slug":4,"title":14,"excerpt":15,"coverUrl":16,"vertical":17},"Stop Retrying Immediately. Exponential Backoff Fixes It.","Retrying a failed fetch() right away feels responsible — until the server that failed was already overloaded, and five instant retries per client turn a blip into an outage. Exponential backoff with jitter is the fix.","\u002Fmedia\u002Fcovers\u002Ffetch-retry-exponential-backoff.png",{"slug":18},"dev",[20,34,46],{"id":21,"slug":18,"name":22,"tagline":23,"description":24,"accentFrom":25,"accentTo":26,"icon":27,"defaultLocale":28,"locales":29,"features":31,"position":33},"019fe637-3d33-714b-b57f-23e163ffca0c","Web Development","Read it. Run it. Prove it.","A post a day on modern web development — most with an editable playground and a quiz that explains every answer. Free, no account needed.","violet-500","cyan-400","◇","en",[28,30],"fa",{"courses":12,"paths":12,"articles":12,"exams":32,"flashcards":32,"packages":12,"community":12,"certificates":12,"teams":12,"commerce":12},false,0,{"id":35,"slug":36,"name":37,"tagline":38,"description":39,"accentFrom":40,"accentTo":25,"icon":41,"defaultLocale":28,"locales":42,"features":44,"position":45},"019fe637-3dc2-754c-8657-0f175bfee7c6","lang","Languages","Learn a language the way you learn a codebase.","Grammar explained the way good documentation explains an API — one idea at a time, each with a quiz.","amber-400","⌘",[28,30,43],"es",{"courses":32,"paths":32,"articles":12,"exams":32,"flashcards":12,"packages":32,"community":12,"certificates":12,"teams":32,"commerce":32},2,{"id":47,"slug":48,"name":49,"tagline":50,"description":51,"accentFrom":52,"accentTo":53,"icon":54,"defaultLocale":28,"locales":55,"features":56,"position":57},"7b3c16f2-931d-410e-802e-e1fa4edab7de","soft","Soft Skills","The half of the job nobody wrote documentation for.","Weekly, on the parts of working life that decide more than your code does — first weeks, meetings, interviews, promotions, and the people around you. Written from what actually happens, and recorded as a podcast you can listen to on the walk.","emerald-400","teal-300","◉",[28],{"courses":32,"paths":32,"articles":12,"exams":32,"flashcards":32,"packages":32,"community":12,"certificates":32,"teams":32,"commerce":32},3,[59,63,67,71,75,79,83,87,91,95,98,102],{"slug":60,"name":61,"articles":62},"webdev","Webdev",127,{"slug":64,"name":65,"articles":66},"javascript","Javascript",105,{"slug":68,"name":69,"articles":70},"frontend","Frontend",80,{"slug":72,"name":73,"articles":74},"tutorial","Tutorial",49,{"slug":76,"name":77,"articles":78},"css","Css",40,{"slug":80,"name":81,"articles":82},"typescript","Typescript",18,{"slug":84,"name":85,"articles":86},"performance","Performance",16,{"slug":88,"name":89,"articles":90},"react","React",15,{"slug":92,"name":93,"articles":94},"browser","Browser",12,{"slug":96,"name":97,"articles":94},"node","Node",{"slug":99,"name":100,"articles":101},"html","Html",9,{"slug":103,"name":104,"articles":105},"accessibility","Accessibility",8]